Neutrino Physics & Energy

This article reviews the basic theoretical aspects of graphene, a one-atom-thick allotrope of carbon, with unusual two-dimensional Dirac-like electronic excitations. The Dirac electrons can be controlled by application of external electric and magnetic fields, or by altering sample geometry and/or topology.

We have achieved mobilities in excess of 200,000 cm²/Vs at electron densities of ~2×10¹¹ cm⁻² by suspending single layer graphene. Suspension reduces substrate-induced scattering, revealing intrinsic transport properties.

Graphene supports plasmon modes that can be tuned by gating or doping over a broad frequency range. This review covers the fundamentals of graphene plasmonics, their unique properties, and potential applications in photonics and energy.

We present an analysis of atmospheric neutrino data from a 33.0 kton·yr exposure of Super-Kamiokande. The data exhibit a zenith angle dependent deficit of muon neutrinos, which is inconsistent with expectations based on calculations of the atmospheric neutrino flux. The results provide evidence for neutrino oscillations.

This article reviews the theory of electron-phonon interactions and their calculation from first principles within density-functional theory and many-body perturbation theory. Applications include superconductivity, transport, phonon-assisted optical processes, and temperature-dependent band structures.

The COHERENT collaboration has observed coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) using a CsI[Na] scintillator detector at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This process was predicted 43 years ago but had never been observed.

Solar neutrinos from ⁸B decay have been detected at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory via the charged current reaction on deuterium. The results provide strong evidence for neutrino flavor transformation, confirming the solar neutrino problem solution.

We demonstrate helicity-dependent photocurrents in topological insulator Bi₂Se₃ that are controlled by the circular polarization of incident light. The effect arises from spin-momentum locking of surface states.

This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of neutrino cross sections across all energy regimes, from sub-eV neutrinos relevant for cosmology to ultra-high-energy neutrinos in cosmic ray physics.

It is pointed out that coherent effects can greatly enhance the cross section for neutrino scattering from nuclei through the weak neutral current. The coherent cross section scales as the square of the neutron number.

This Nobel Lecture describes the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory and its measurement of the total active flux of neutrinos from the Sun, providing clear evidence for neutrino flavor transformation.

This Nobel Lecture describes the discovery of atmospheric neutrino oscillations by the Super-Kamiokande experiment, providing definitive evidence that neutrinos have mass and undergo flavor oscillations.

NOvA presents improved measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters using an exposure of 13.6×10²⁰ protons on target in neutrino beam mode and 12.5×10²⁰ in antineutrino beam mode.

The prospects for measuring coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) at stopped-pion neutrino sources are examined. Various detector technologies and their sensitivities are compared.

We report the experimental observation of a spontaneous direct current generated from freestanding graphene at room temperature. The current arises from the thermal motion of graphene ripples, which induces an alternating current that is rectified through a nonlinear interaction with the measurement circuit.