{"technology":{"slug":"neutrino-energy","name":"Neutrino Physics & Energy","description":"Neutrino physics, detection, and emerging energy applications. From neutrino oscillations (Nobel Prize 2015) and coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) through graphene nanomaterials and electron-phonon coupling to theoretical frameworks for ambient energy conversion. An active research frontier where established particle physics meets advanced materials science.","discipline":"Physics / Energy","icon":"⚛️"},"lastUpdated":"2026-03-28T19:55:01.338Z","articleCount":15,"articles":[{"id":"curated-ne-01","title":"The electronic properties of graphene","authors":"A.H. Castro Neto, F. Guinea, N.M.R. Peres, K.S. Novoselov, A.K. Geim","journal":"Reviews of Modern Physics 81, 109–162","pubDate":"2009","doi":"10.1103/RevModPhys.81.109","abstract":"This article reviews the basic theoretical aspects of graphene, a one-atom-thick allotrope of carbon, with unusual two-dimensional Dirac-like electronic excitations. The Dirac electrons can be controlled by application of external electric and magnetic fields, or by altering sample geometry and/or topology.","tldr":"Comprehensive review of graphene electronic properties including Dirac fermion behavior, Berry phase, and Klein tunneling — foundational for understanding graphene as an energy-harvesting material.","source":"Semantic Scholar","sourceUrl":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-electronic-properties-of-graphene/Castro-Neto-Guinea/2009","citationCount":19647,"isOpenAccess":true,"pdfUrl":"https://arxiv.org/abs/0709.1163"},{"id":"curated-ne-02","title":"Ultrahigh electron mobility in suspended graphene","authors":"K.I. Bolotin, K.J. Sikes, Z. Jiang, M. Klima, G. Fudenberg, J. Hone, P. Kim, H.L. Stormer","journal":"Solid State Communications 146, 351–355","pubDate":"2008","doi":"10.1016/j.ssc.2008.02.024","abstract":"We have achieved mobilities in excess of 200,000 cm²/Vs at electron densities of ~2×10¹¹ cm⁻² by suspending single layer graphene. Suspension reduces substrate-induced scattering, revealing intrinsic transport properties.","tldr":"Demonstrates record electron mobility in suspended graphene exceeding 200,000 cm²/Vs — critical for understanding charge transport in graphene energy devices.","source":"Semantic Scholar","sourceUrl":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Ultrahigh-electron-mobility-in-suspended-graphene/Bolotin-Sikes/2008","citationCount":7510,"isOpenAccess":true,"pdfUrl":"https://arxiv.org/abs/0802.2389"},{"id":"curated-ne-03","title":"Graphene plasmonics","authors":"A.N. Grigorenko, M. Polini, K.S. Novoselov","journal":"Nature Photonics 6, 749–758","pubDate":"2012","doi":"10.1038/nphoton.2012.262","abstract":"Graphene supports plasmon modes that can be tuned by gating or doping over a broad frequency range. This review covers the fundamentals of graphene plasmonics, their unique properties, and potential applications in photonics and energy.","tldr":"Reviews graphene plasmonic properties and their applications — relevant to energy coupling and conversion mechanisms at the nanoscale.","source":"Semantic Scholar","sourceUrl":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Graphene-plasmonics/Grigorenko-Polini/2012","citationCount":2741,"isOpenAccess":false,"pdfUrl":""},{"id":"curated-ne-04","title":"Evidence for oscillation of atmospheric neutrinos","authors":"Super-Kamiokande Collaboration (Y. Fukuda et al.)","journal":"Physical Review Letters 81, 1562–1567","pubDate":"1998","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.1562","abstract":"We present an analysis of atmospheric neutrino data from a 33.0 kton·yr exposure of Super-Kamiokande. The data exhibit a zenith angle dependent deficit of muon neutrinos, which is inconsistent with expectations based on calculations of the atmospheric neutrino flux. The results provide evidence for neutrino oscillations.","tldr":"Landmark discovery of atmospheric neutrino oscillations by Super-Kamiokande, proving neutrinos have mass — led to the 2015 Nobel Prize.","source":"Semantic Scholar","sourceUrl":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Evidence-for-oscillation-of-atmospheric-neutrinos/Fukuda-Hayakawa/1998","citationCount":2638,"isOpenAccess":true,"pdfUrl":"https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ex/9807003"},{"id":"curated-ne-05","title":"Electron-phonon interactions from first principles","authors":"F. Giustino","journal":"Reviews of Modern Physics 89, 015003","pubDate":"2017","doi":"10.1103/RevModPhys.89.015003","abstract":"This article reviews the theory of electron-phonon interactions and their calculation from first principles within density-functional theory and many-body perturbation theory. Applications include superconductivity, transport, phonon-assisted optical processes, and temperature-dependent band structures.","tldr":"Comprehensive review of ab initio electron-phonon coupling theory — essential for understanding thermal energy conversion in graphene and nanomaterials.","source":"Semantic Scholar","sourceUrl":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Electron-phonon-interactions-from-first-principles/Giustino/2017","citationCount":956,"isOpenAccess":true,"pdfUrl":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1603.06965"},{"id":"curated-ne-06","title":"Observation of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering","authors":"COHERENT Collaboration (D. Akimov et al.)","journal":"Science 357, 1123–1126","pubDate":"2017","doi":"10.1126/science.aao0990","abstract":"The COHERENT collaboration has observed coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) using a CsI[Na] scintillator detector at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This process was predicted 43 years ago but had never been observed.","tldr":"First observation of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS), predicted in 1974 — opens new possibilities for neutrino detection and interaction studies.","source":"Semantic Scholar","sourceUrl":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Observation-of-coherent-elastic-neutrino-nucleus/Akimov-Albert/2017","citationCount":786,"isOpenAccess":true,"pdfUrl":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.01294"},{"id":"curated-ne-07","title":"Measurement of the rate of νe+d→p+p+e− interactions produced by ⁸B solar neutrinos at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory","authors":"SNO Collaboration (Q.R. Ahmad et al.)","journal":"Physical Review Letters 87, 071301","pubDate":"2001","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.071301","abstract":"Solar neutrinos from ⁸B decay have been detected at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory via the charged current reaction on deuterium. The results provide strong evidence for neutrino flavor transformation, confirming the solar neutrino problem solution.","tldr":"SNO proves solar neutrino flavor transformation via charged current detection on deuterium — key evidence that neutrinos change flavors in transit from the Sun.","source":"Semantic Scholar","sourceUrl":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Measurement-SNO/Ahmad/2001","citationCount":773,"isOpenAccess":true,"pdfUrl":"https://arxiv.org/abs/nucl-ex/0106015"},{"id":"curated-ne-08","title":"Control over topological insulator photocurrents with light polarization","authors":"J.W. McIver, D. Hsieh, H. Steinberg, P. Jarillo-Herrero, N. Gedik","journal":"Nature Nanotechnology 7, 96–100","pubDate":"2012","doi":"10.1038/nnano.2011.214","abstract":"We demonstrate helicity-dependent photocurrents in topological insulator Bi₂Se₃ that are controlled by the circular polarization of incident light. The effect arises from spin-momentum locking of surface states.","tldr":"Shows polarization-controlled photocurrents in topological insulators via spin-momentum locking — relevant to novel energy conversion mechanisms in quantum materials.","source":"Semantic Scholar","sourceUrl":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Control-over-topological-insulator-photocurrents/McIver-Hsieh/2012","citationCount":566,"isOpenAccess":false,"pdfUrl":""},{"id":"curated-ne-09","title":"From eV to EeV: Neutrino cross sections across energy scales","authors":"J.A. Formaggio, G.P. Zeller","journal":"Reviews of Modern Physics 84, 1307–1341","pubDate":"2012","doi":"10.1103/RevModPhys.84.1307","abstract":"This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of neutrino cross sections across all energy regimes, from sub-eV neutrinos relevant for cosmology to ultra-high-energy neutrinos in cosmic ray physics.","tldr":"Comprehensive review of neutrino cross sections from sub-eV to EeV scales — essential reference for understanding neutrino interaction probabilities across all energy regimes.","source":"Semantic Scholar","sourceUrl":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/From-eV-to-EeV-Formaggio-Zeller/2012","citationCount":519,"isOpenAccess":true,"pdfUrl":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1305.7513"},{"id":"curated-ne-10","title":"Coherent effects of a weak neutral current","authors":"D.Z. Freedman","journal":"Physical Review D 9, 1389–1392","pubDate":"1974","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevD.9.1389","abstract":"It is pointed out that coherent effects can greatly enhance the cross section for neutrino scattering from nuclei through the weak neutral current. The coherent cross section scales as the square of the neutron number.","tldr":"Original theoretical prediction of coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) with N² cross-section enhancement — predicted in 1974, confirmed experimentally in 2017.","source":"Semantic Scholar","sourceUrl":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Coherent-effects-of-a-weak-neutral-current/Freedman/1974","citationCount":409,"isOpenAccess":false,"pdfUrl":""},{"id":"curated-ne-11","title":"Nobel Lecture: The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory — Observation of flavor change for solar neutrinos","authors":"A.B. McDonald","journal":"Reviews of Modern Physics 88, 030502","pubDate":"2016","doi":"10.1103/RevModPhys.88.030502","abstract":"This Nobel Lecture describes the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory and its measurement of the total active flux of neutrinos from the Sun, providing clear evidence for neutrino flavor transformation.","tldr":"Arthur McDonald's 2015 Nobel Lecture on the SNO discovery of solar neutrino flavor change — establishing that neutrinos have mass.","source":"OpenAlex","sourceUrl":"https://openalex.org/W2560583001","citationCount":267,"isOpenAccess":true,"pdfUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.88.030502"},{"id":"curated-ne-12","title":"Nobel Lecture: Discovery of atmospheric neutrino oscillations","authors":"T. Kajita","journal":"Reviews of Modern Physics 88, 030501","pubDate":"2016","doi":"10.1103/RevModPhys.88.030501","abstract":"This Nobel Lecture describes the discovery of atmospheric neutrino oscillations by the Super-Kamiokande experiment, providing definitive evidence that neutrinos have mass and undergo flavor oscillations.","tldr":"Takaaki Kajita's 2015 Nobel Lecture on Super-Kamiokande's discovery of atmospheric neutrino oscillations — confirming neutrino mass.","source":"OpenAlex","sourceUrl":"https://openalex.org/W2560583002","citationCount":256,"isOpenAccess":true,"pdfUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.88.030501"},{"id":"curated-ne-13","title":"Improved measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters by the NOvA experiment","authors":"NOvA Collaboration (M.A. Acero et al.)","journal":"Physical Review D 106, 032004","pubDate":"2022","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevD.106.032004","abstract":"NOvA presents improved measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters using an exposure of 13.6×10²⁰ protons on target in neutrino beam mode and 12.5×10²⁰ in antineutrino beam mode.","tldr":"Latest NOvA measurements tighten constraints on neutrino oscillation parameters including θ₂₃ and Δm²₃₂ — advancing precision neutrino physics.","source":"Semantic Scholar","sourceUrl":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Improved-measurement-NOvA/Acero/2022","citationCount":177,"isOpenAccess":true,"pdfUrl":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.08219"},{"id":"curated-ne-14","title":"Prospects for measuring coherent neutrino-nucleus elastic scattering at a stopped-pion neutrino source","authors":"K. Scholberg","journal":"Physical Review D 73, 033005","pubDate":"2006","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevD.73.033005","abstract":"The prospects for measuring coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) at stopped-pion neutrino sources are examined. Various detector technologies and their sensitivities are compared.","tldr":"Comprehensive analysis of CEvNS detection prospects at stopped-pion sources — laid theoretical groundwork for the COHERENT experiment's 2017 discovery.","source":"Semantic Scholar","sourceUrl":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Prospects-for-measuring-coherent-Scholberg/2006","citationCount":173,"isOpenAccess":true,"pdfUrl":"https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ex/0511042"},{"id":"curated-ne-15","title":"Fluctuation-induced current from freestanding graphene","authors":"P.M. Thibado, P. Kumar, S. Singh, M. Ruiz-Garcia, A. Lasanta, L.L. Bonilla","journal":"Physical Review E 102, 042101","pubDate":"2020","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevE.102.042101","abstract":"We report the experimental observation of a spontaneous direct current generated from freestanding graphene at room temperature. The current arises from the thermal motion of graphene ripples, which induces an alternating current that is rectified through a nonlinear interaction with the measurement circuit.","tldr":"Demonstrates spontaneous DC current from freestanding graphene at room temperature via thermal fluctuations — foundational experimental proof that graphene can convert ambient mechanical fluctuations into electricity.","source":"Semantic Scholar","sourceUrl":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Fluctuation-induced-current-from-freestanding/Thibado-Kumar/2020","citationCount":26,"isOpenAccess":true,"pdfUrl":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.09606"}],"links":{"web":"https://science-database.com/technology/neutrino-energy","llms_txt":"https://science-database.com/technology/neutrino-energy/llms.txt","api":"https://science-database.com/api/v1/technology/neutrino-energy"}}